Oral Anti Diabetic Agents Are Used As Pharmacotherapy Options

Introduction: †¢ Oral anti diabetic agents are used as pharmacotherapy options mainly for type 2 diabetes patients or as an adjuvant therapy for type 1 diabetes patients, who need an oral agent along with insulin/insulin analogues for better glycemic control. There are a wide variety of oral anti diabetic drug classes that are available. The choice of pharmacotherapy is patient specific and usually a stepped therapy approach is applied and titrated as per individual patient requirements. The article here is a detailed overview of the different classes of these oral agents, their pharmacology, comparative efficacy, efficacy results from clinical trials, general recommendations etc. †¢ The different classes of oral anti diabetics starting from traditional therapy to the latest developments are as follows : ï  ¶ BIGUANIDES [METFORMIN] ï  ¶ SULFONYLUREAS a. FIRST GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS. b. SECOND GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS. ï  ¶ MEGLITINIDES ï  ¶ THIAZOLIDINEDIONES ï  ¶ DPP-4 INHIBITORS ï  ¶ ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS ï  ¶ SGL2 INHIBITORS (NEWEST CLASS OF DRUGS) CLASS I: BIGUANIDES [METFORMIN] According to the ADA (American Diabetes Association) 2013 guidelines, metformin is considered as first line therapy for initiation of treatment in a type 2 diabetes patient when lifestyle modifications, diet and exercise fail to achieve glycemic control. Mechanism of action: Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production thereby decreasing intestinal absorption of

Complete Persepolis/Season of Madness Free Essays

The Complete Persepolis/ A Season of Madness These two selections are based on completely different scenarios. One takes place in Iran during its country’s revolution with Marjane, a girl trying to figure out who she is and wants while having to face her countries conflicts that affect her. The other story takes places inside a home were a woman named Fatin feigns madness and is having to do desperate things instead of admitting to an adulterous affair she had. We will write a custom essay sample on Complete Persepolis/Season of Madness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although these two stories may seem like they have nothing in common, these two selections have certain particular points that can be compared among each other. The three points that can be compared are about the mother, husband, and protagonist positions. Marji’s mother better known as Mrs. Satrapi or Taji s in The Complete Persepolis is a passionate woman, who is upset with the way things are going in Iran, including the elimination of personal freedoms, and violent attacks on innocent people. She actively takes part in her local government by attending many protests. Marjane’s mother is very family oriented. She cares very dearly about her daughter Marjane, so much that she is willing to do anything for her happiness. She and Marjane’s father were the ones who decided to send Marjane to Austria. The reason they did this was because they wanted Marjane to be safe and have a better life. The only way she could be safe is to get away from the war that was going on at the time. Majane’s mother only wants her daughter to be happy. She goes far distances to do so, like going and visiting Marjane in Austria and helping Marjane with her and her husband Reza’s wedding even though she did not agree with it and that shows again that she is willing to do anything for her daughter as long as she’s happy. In A Season of Madness, the mother –in – law shows no compassion. The mother-in-law is a commonly disliked figure in Arab culture, especially when she is the matriarch of the larger family. It seems as if Fatin is being controlled be this older woman that shows to have no interest towards her. At the end of the story when Fatin confesses to her unfaithfulness the mother-in law reacts with a very unlikeable personality with an attitude of her just wanting Fatin out their lives. Then his mother was clasping my hand, twisting her mouth into a grimace of pity and murmuring, â€Å"She’s crazy, poor thing. Nothing can be done for her. † (745) Marjane’s husband Reza served in the Iran army. Reza used to be a womanizer but when he met Marjane that all changed. He was into art just like Marjane, and took it very seriously. He shared love for life like Marjane and he also didn’t take the Iran government too seriously. Him and Marjane dated for a while and ended up getting married but they both changed which lead to fighting which ultimately lead to a divorce. Reza is important because he helped Marjane chase her dream of getting into the career path of art by applying to University of Tehran with her. So overall, Reza was a good husband to her that helped her along the way of finding herself. Fatin’s husband is very compassionate and loving and vows to stay with her no matter what. Poor thing, she’s so young. I swear to god, I’ll take her anywhere in the world to find a cure for her† (745) Fatin’s husband although at a point makes her seem as though she was invisible and almost as childlike only showing that his feelings are sufficient. It seems as if he was being selfish by ignoring all the things she did to get a divorce and still wanting her there with him no matter what. Influenced by her liberal parents, Marji is outspoken, aware of her environment and spends more time reading books than playing with toys. A believer in God and Marxism, and rebellious at times. Marji is a strong girl, who follows in her parents footsteps. Even though Marji ‘s view of the world changes as she grows, from a small little girl to a full grown woman, her feelings on life remain the same and has always been a fighter. She had many experiences throughout her life; she was the new kid at school, had to make new friends, got into the wrong crowd, smoked cigarettes, smoked weed, had boyfriends, and many other things. Marjane strongly believed in fighting for what you believe in. Sometimes her actions seemed rebellious, and they got her into trouble, but this didn’t change her feelings or ambitions. Fatin’s greatest desire is to discover her â€Å"real self† through creativity and independence, and to find her individual place in society. Fatin is suffering by being in a relationship with a man that she does not love. Fatin’s discovery of painting as an outlet is shown when she says â€Å"I stumbled along in my madness, never meeting my real self except when my eyes fell on the watercolors, which the strange light in this African country had inspired me to paint: it was a light that broke the hold of the sun’s burning rays for a short time at daybreak and dusk. I often wondered if I should tear these paintings down from the walls, in case they were what made my husband keep hoping that the old Fatin would return. † (Al-Shaykh 742) Fatin hides her pain and confusion through her paintings because she feels her marriage, children, house and sex is not fulfilling. She turns herself into a really disgusting human by doing things such as not brushing her mouth or not wearing protection during her period. She remains invisible, unrecognized, and a woman without a voice. The protagonists in these two stories seek freedom of expression and look for a voice in their own particular way. They refused to be helpless, unhappy, and an act of their own initiative to reject the role patriarchy has reserved for them. Work Cited The Longman anthology of world literature/David Damrosch, David L. Pike, general editors. – 2nd ed. Satrapi, Marjane. The Complete Persepolis. New York: Pantheon, 2004. Print. www. kirjasto. sci. fi/shaykh. htm www. laits. utexas. edu/doherty/africanwomen. html How to cite Complete Persepolis/Season of Madness, Papers

Drama Sparkleshark Essay Example For Students

Drama Sparkleshark Essay In drama, we have recently been looking at a contemporary piece of youth theatre, Sparkleshark, by Philip Ridley. Sparkleshark is set on the junk-strewn roof of an inner-city tower block. This is the secret hideaway of Jake (14), where he goes to work on his stories. Hes interrupted by Polly (14), whos more impressed by his stories than his rudeness, then by the trendily-dressed Natasha (15) and Carol (14) who copies everything Natasha does and wears; finally, to his terror, up come his tormentors, the self-obsessed Russell (15) the love muscle, his cohorts Buzz and Speed (both 14) and Shane (16), who they all regard with awe now hes left school for the outside world. Tough, trendy, heartless, they all think they know who they are, or need to be to survive. But theyre in for the biggest surprise of their lives. When the girls try to protect Jake from the boys, he can only truly save himself and his dignity by weaving his best story yet; and this life- saver is so good that, despite themselves, they all not only want big parts in the roof-top enactment of its perils and mysteries, its trials and love quests, and its meetings with the Dragon Sparkleshark (played by Finn, 15) but will also find that they have formed new, unbelievable friendships and enjoyed the one thing they had been bullying people for. My first response to the play was that of slight confusion. On my first look through of the play the structure and main ideas werent very apparent to me and I found the dialogue rather cheesy. I felt that some of the lines sounded very much like statements, especially lines such as, Look! Im going to wear it in my hair.  On my first read through of the play I did feel slightly confused by the story telling within the play and the character relationships had me rather baffled. But on a further read through I became aware of the group status and I understood that Philip Ridley wanted social status to be a major theme of the play. The story telling scene also began to flow more smoothly after a second read. To understand and explore the piece further we used a range of different techniques. Firstly we were asked to use role-play and to create two additional scenes to be inserted before and after the play. We were told to look carefully at the characters created by Philip Ridley and to use our understanding of them and the major themes to influence our performance ideas. Our group decided to highlight the characters reactions to Jakes presence. After looking at the play several times, we also noticed that there is a lot of change in the characters personalities throughout the play so we decided that this was a key focus point to express in our role-plays. In the before piece, we collectively decided to set it in the schoolyard where the characters social status will be more pronounced. To show Carols desperation to be popular and to be Russells girlfriend, I suggested that we make her actions and speech very flirtatious and repetitive. We had her doing things like playing with her hair and sucking a lolli-pop. I asked Emma, who was playing Carol, to say quite dull things and then giggle nervously. It was important that she didnt look as important as Natasha, so often in the group situations she was ignored and patronised. I felt that Natashas posture and facial expressions could show her strong demeanour, so we had her stand strong and often with a look of boredom on her face. We showed her strong status by having her lead the group of girls and her speech was very flippant. She replied to everything Carol said with sarcasm and a belittling tone, Really Carol, I never knew that. Youre full of more useless information than encyclopaedia! .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .postImageUrl , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:hover , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:visited , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:active { border:0!important; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:active , .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190 .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69e54cec0c46abd633a3d7689abfe190:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describe Romeo as a lover before and after he meets Juliet. EssayShe said this emphasising the Really by prolonging the word and making it a higher pitch to the sentence. The last part of this comment was said with real spite and with determination to humiliate and insult Carol in front of the group. Carol responded by looking ashamed and looking at her feet, it was important that we showed the audience that she didnt have the confidence to challenge her friend verbally. Russells arrogance and self-obsession was shown by Carols flattery, Russells authoritative commands to the group and his strong posture and stage presence. He stood strong and responded dramatically to female presence, winking and chatting the girls up. However to show Shanes overall power, Russell often looked consciously behind him to see if Shane approved. The comments he made were full of bravado and smugness. Shane was played by Rhiannon, who obviously understood his character well. She stood to the back of the group looking comfortable and oblivious by the goings-on of the group. He didnt seem to be too bothered about being there and the little that he did say was the odd grunt of agreement. He also didnt seem to notice that the group was constantly looking for his approval and if he did he didnt respond. This showed him to possess effortless power over the group and it also showed that everything in the scene was of quite a regular occurrence. I played Polly, who in the play was quite unlike her friends. She expressed a degree of compassion and seemed to care about peoples feelings. I understood from the play, that Polly was the newest member of the group and I supposed that the people she chose to spend her time with, Natasha and Carol are her only companions. I felt that she would be quite embarrassed by Carols desperateness, Natashas bitch-like attitude, Russells arrogance and Shanes ignorance, and I expressed that with a disgusted look of disapproval to what Pollys peers said, especially Russells chauvinistic, egotistical comments. To highlight her strong, different personality, I made her quite open to express her opinions, even in heated situations. Her more compassionate side led me to protect Jake and do the right thing.